Ho tloha mehleng ea Neolithic, batho ba na le litlaleho tsa ho sebelisa mashala, e leng e 'ngoe ea mehloli ea bohlokoa ea matla bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea sechaba.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
Ka lebaka la theko ea eona ea moruo, mehloli e mengata ea polokelo le boleng ba bohlokoa, linaha lefatšeng ka bophara li nka mehloli ea mashala e le ea bohlokoa haholo.United States, China, Russia le Australia kaofela ke linaha tsa merafo ea mashala.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
Ho na le merafo e meholo ea mashala e leshome lefatšeng.A re ke re li hlahlobe.
No. 10
Saraji/ Australia
Morafo oa mashala oa Saraji o sebakeng sa Bowen Basin bohareng ba Queensland, Australia.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse 502, tseo ho tsona lithane tse limilione tse 442 li pakiloeng le lithane tse limilione tse 60 (Phuptjane 2019).Morafo o bulehileng ke oa BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) mme esale o etsoa ho tloha ka 1974. Morafo oa Saraji o hlahisitse lithane tse limilione tse 10.1 ka 2018 le lithane tse limilione tse 9.7 ka 2019.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 09
Goonyella Riverside/ Australia
Moepo oa mashala oa Goonyella Riverside o sebakeng sa Bowen Basin bohareng ba Queensland, Australia.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo ona o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse 549, tseo ho tsona ho pakiloeng lithane tse limilione tse 530 le lithane tse limilione tse 19 (Phuptjane 2019).Morafo o bulehileng ke oa BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Morafo oa Goonyella o qalile tlhahiso ka 1971 mme o kopantsoe le morafo oa boahelani oa Riverside ka 1989. Goonyella Riverside e hlahisitse lithane tse limilione tse 15.8 ka 2018 le lithane tse limilione tse 17.1 ka 2019. BMA e kentse tšebetsong lipalangoang tse ikemetseng bakeng sa Goonyella Riverside ka 2019.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 08
Mt Arthur/ Australia
Moepo oa mashala oa Mt Arthur o sebakeng sa Hunter Valley New South Wales, Australia.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse 591, tseo ho tsona lithane tse limilione tse 292 li pakiloeng le lithane tse limilione tse 299 (Phuptjane 2019).Moepo ona ke oa BHP Billiton mme o na le merafo e bulehileng e ka Leboea le Boroa.Mt Arthur e se e rafa masela a mashala a fetang 20.Mesebetsi ea merafo e qalile ka 1968 'me e hlahisa lithane tse fetang limilione tse 18 ka selemo.Moepo o na le nako e hakanyetsoang ea bophelo ba polokelo ea lilemo tse 35.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 07
Peak Downs/ Australia
Moepo oa mashala oa Peak Downs o sebakeng sa Bowen Basin bohareng ba Queensland, Australia.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse 718 (Phuptjane 2019).Peak Downs ke ea 'me e tsamaisoa ke BHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Morafo ke morafo o bulehileng o qalileng tlhahiso ka 1972 mme o hlahisitse lithane tse fetang limilione tse 11.8 ka 2019. Mashala a tsoang morafong a romelloa ka terene ho ea Cape Coal Terminal haufi le Mackay.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 06
Lealuma le Letšo/United States
Black Thunder Mine ke morafo oa mashala oa lihekthere tse 35,700 o sebakeng sa Powder River Basin of Wyoming.Moepo ona ke oa 'me o tsamaisoa ke Arch Coal.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo ona o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse 816.5 (Tshitlo 2018).Sebaka sa merafo se bulehileng se na le libaka tse supileng tsa merafo le litsi tse tharo tsa ho laela.Tlhahiso e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 71.1 ka 2018 le lithane tse limilione tse 70.5 ka 2017. Mashala a tala a hlahisoang a tsamaisoa ka ho toba ho Burlington Northern Santa Fe le Union Pacific terene.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 05
Moatize/ Mozambique
Moepo oa Moatize o seterekeng sa Tete sa Mozambique.Moepo o na le mohlodi o hakanyetswang wa mashala a ditone tse dimilione tse 985.7 (Ho tloha ka Tshitwe 2018) Moatize e sebetswa ke khamphani ya morafo ya Brazil ya Vale, e nang le thahasello ya 80.75% morafong.Mitsui (14.25%) le Mozambican Mining (5%) ba tšoere phaello e setseng.Moatize ke projeke ea pele ea sebaka se setala sa Vale Afrika.Tumello ea ho aha le ho sebetsa morafo e fanoe ka 2006. Morafo o bulehileng o qalile ho sebetsa ka Phato 2011 mme o na le tlhahiso ea selemo ea lithane tse limilione tse 11.5.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 04
Raspadskaya/Russia
Raspadskaya, e sebakeng sa Kemerovo, Russia Federation, ke morafo o moholo oa mashala oa Russia.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo o na le mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.34 (December 2018).Raspadskaya Coal Mine e na le merafo e 'meli e ka tlas'a lefatše, Raspadskaya le MuK-96, le morafo oa sekoti o bulehileng o bitsoang Razrez Raspadsky.Morafo ona ke oa 'me o sebetsoa ke Raspadskaya Coal Company.Morafo oa Raspadskaya o qalile ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1970.Kakaretso ea tlhahiso e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 12.7 ka 2018 le lithane tse limilione tse 11.4 ka 2017.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 03
Heidaigou/Chaena
Moepo wa Mashala wa Heidaigou ke morafo o bulehileng o bohareng ba sebaka sa mashala sa Zhungeer Seterekeng sa China sa Inner Mongolia Autonomous.Ho hakanngoa hore morafo o tla tšoara lithane tse 1.5 bilione tsa mehloli ea mashala.Sebaka sa merafo se bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 150 ka boroa-bophirimela ho Ordos City, 'me sebaka sa merafo se reriloeng sa 42.36 square kilometers.Shenhua Group ke beng le ho sebetsa morafo.Heidaigou esale e hlahisa sebabole se tlase le mashala a phosphorus a tlase ho tloha ka 1999. Morafo o na le tlhahiso ea selemo ea lithane tse 29m mme o phahame ho feta lithane tse 31m.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 02
Hal Usu/China
Moepo oa mashala oa Haerwusu o karolong e bohareng ea sebaka sa mashala sa Zhungeer se Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ea Chaena.Morafo oa Mashala oa Haerwusu ke kaho ea mantlha ea merafo e meholohali ea mashala nakong ea "Leano la Lilemo tse Hlano la Bo-11" naheng ea China, e nang le boqapi ba lithane tse limilione tse 20 ka selemo.Ka mor'a ho atolosoa ha bokhoni le phetoho, matla a hona joale a tlhahiso a fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 35 ka selemo.Sebaka sa merafo se ka bang lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 61.43, se nang le mehloli ea mehloli ea mashala e netefalitsoeng ea lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 1.7 (2020), e leng ea 'me e tsamaisoa ke Shenhua Group.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng
No. 01
North Antelope Rochelle/ USA
Morafo o moholo oa mashala lefatšeng ke morafo oa North Antelope Rochelle o Powder River Basin ea Wyoming.Moepo o hakanngoa hore o na le lithane tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 1.7 tsa mehloli ea mashala (Tšitoe 2018).E ruiloeng ebile e sebetsoa ke Peabody Energy, ke morafo o bulehileng o nang le mekoti e meraro ea merafo.Morafo oa North Antelope Rochelle o hlahisitse lithane tse limilione tse 98.4 ka 2018 le lithane tse limilione tse 101.5 ka 2017. Morafo o nkoa e le mashala a hloekileng ka ho fetisisa United States.
Meepo e 10 e holimo ea Mashala Lefatšeng.
Nako ea poso: Dec-27-2021
